使用Python和REST API管理安全訪問目標清單

簡介

本文檔介紹如何使用Python和REST API對目標清單執行所有可能的操作。

必要條件

思科建議您瞭解以下主題：

1. Python
2. REST API
3. Cisco Secure Access

需求

在繼續操作之前，必須滿足以下要求：

• 具有完整管理員使用者角色的Cisco Secure Access使用者帳戶。
• 思科安全雲單點登入(SCSO)帳戶用於登入安全訪問。
• 建立您的安全訪問API金鑰

採用元件

本文中的資訊係根據以下軟體和硬體版本：

• 安全訪問控制台
• Python 3.x

本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除（預設）的組態來啟動。如果您的網路運作中，請確保您瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。

設定

撰寫此程式碼的方法有多種，可考慮多個方面，例如錯誤處理、權杖有效性（3600秒）等。

請確保在執行指令碼之前安裝了這些Python庫：

pip install requests pip install oauthlib pip install requests_oauthlib

指令碼

請確保分別在此指令碼中使用API Key和Key Secret替換client_id和client_secret。

from oauthlib.oauth2 import BackendApplicationClient from oauthlib.oauth2 import TokenExpiredError from requests_oauthlib import OAuth2Session from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth import time import requests import pprint import json def fetch_headers(BToken): BT = f"Bearer {BToken}" headers = { 'Authorization':BT, "Content-Type": "application/json", "Accept": "application/json" } return headers # GET OAUTH 2.0 TOKEN def getToken(): token_url = 'https://api.sse.cisco.com/auth/v2/token' try: #ASSIGN your API Key to the variable client_id and Secret Key to the variable client_secret client_id = "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" client_secret = "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" auth = HTTPBasicAuth(client_id, client_secret) client = BackendApplicationClient(client_id=client_id) oauth = OAuth2Session(client=client) token = oauth.fetch_token(token_url=token_url, auth=auth) print("\n######Token Generated Successfully######\n") return token except e as Exception: print(f"Encountered an error while Fetching the TOKEN :: {e}") # 1 - GET DESTINATION LISTS def fetch_destinationlists(h): url = "https://api.sse.cisco.com/policies/v2/destinationlists" try: response = requests.request('GET', url, headers=h) json_object = json.loads(response.content) #pprint.pprint(json_object) x=1 for item in json_object["data"]: print(f"Destination List : {x}") pprint.pprint(f"Name : {item['name']}") pprint.pprint(f"ID : {item['id']}") #pprint.pprint(f"Destination Count : {item['meta']['destinationCount']}") print("\n") x+=1 except e as Exception: print(f"Encountered an Error while Fetching the Destination Lists :: {e}") # 2 - GET DESTINATION LIST def get_destinationlist(h): try: choice = input("Enter the ID of the DestinationList:: ") url = "https://api.sse.cisco.com/policies/v2/destinationlists/" + choice response = requests.request('GET', url, headers=h) json_object = json.loads(response.content) print("\n\n") pprint.pprint(json_object) print("\n\n") except e as Exception: print(f"Encountered an Error while Fetching the Destination List Details :: {e}") # 3 - CREATE DESTINATION LIST def create_destinationlist(h): url = "https://api.sse.cisco.com/policies/v2/destinationlists" try: naav = input("Name of the DestinationList :: ") payload = { "access": "none", "isGlobal": False, "name": naav, } response = requests.request('POST', url, headers=h, data = json.dumps(payload)) json_object = json.loads(response.content) print("\n\n") pprint.pprint(json_object) print("\n\n") except e as Exception: print(f"Encountered an Error while Creating the Destination List :: {e}") # 4 - UPDATE DESTINATION LIST NAME def patch_destinationlist(h): try: choice = input("Enter the ID of the DestinationList for changing it's name :: ") url = "https://api.sse.cisco.com/policies/v2/destinationlists/" + choice naav = input("Enter New Name :: ") payload = {"name": naav} response = requests.request('PATCH', url, headers=h, data = json.dumps(payload)) json_object = json.loads(response.content) print("\n\n") pprint.pprint(json_object) print("\n\n") except e as Exception: print(f"Encountered an Error while Updating the Destination List :: {e}") # 5 - DELETE DESTINATION LIST def delete_destinationlist(h): try: choice = input("Enter the ID of the DestinationList for DELETION :: ") url = "https://api.sse.cisco.com/policies/v2/destinationlists/" + choice response = requests.request('DELETE', url, headers=h) json_object = json.loads(response.content) print("\n\n") pprint.pprint(json_object) print("\n\n") except Exception as e: print(f"Encountered an Error while Deleting the Destination List :: {e}") # 6 - GET DESTINATIONS FROM A DESTINATION LIST def fetch_detail(h): try: choice = input("DestinationList ID: ") url2 = "https://api.sse.cisco.com/policies/v2/destinationlists/" + choice + "/destinations" response = requests.request('GET', url2, headers=h) print("\n") json_dest = json.loads(response.content) pprint.pprint(json_dest) print("\n\n") except e as Exception: print(f"Encountered an Error while Fetching the Destinations from the Destination List :: {e}") # 7 - ADD DESTINATIONS TO A DESTINATION LIST def add_destinations(h): try: choice = input("Enter the ID of the DestinationList :: ") url = "https://api.sse.cisco.com/policies/v2/destinationlists/" + choice + "/destinations" destination_to_add = input("\nEnter the destination that you want to add :: ") payload = [{"destination": destination_to_add}] response = requests.request('POST', url, headers=h, data = json.dumps(payload)) print("\n") json_dest = json.loads(response.content) pprint.pprint(json_dest) print("\n\n") except e as Exception: print(f"Encountered an Error while Adding the Destination to the Destination List :: {e}") # 8 - DELETE DESTINATIONS FROM DESTINATION LIST def delete_entry(h): try: choice_del = input("\nCONFIRM DestinationList ID from which you want to delete the Destination :: ") url3 = "https://api.sse.cisco.com/policies/v2/destinationlists/" + choice_del + "/destinations/remove" dest = int(input("ID of the Destination that you want to remove: ")) payload = f"[{dest}]" response = requests.request('DELETE', url3, headers=h, data=payload) json_del = json.loads(response.content) print("\n\n") pprint.pprint(json_del) print("\n\n") except e as Exception: print(f"Encountered an Error while Deleting a Destination from the Destination List :: {e}") #FETCH COOKIE possess_cookie = " " while possess_cookie not in ["Y","y","N","n"]: possess_cookie = input("Token Already Generated? (Y/N) :: ") if possess_cookie.upper() =="N": cook = getToken() with open("cookie.txt","w") as wr: wr.writelines(cook["access_token"]) # print(f"Access Token = {cook["access_token"]}") #FETCH HEADERS with open("cookie.txt","r") as ree: h = fetch_headers(ree.readline()) print("\n") while True: action = input("""Available operations: 1. Get Destination Lists 2. Get Destination List 3. Create Destination List 4. Update Destination List Name 5. Delete Destination List 6. Get Destinations from Destination List 7. Add Destinations to a Destination List 8. Delete Destinations from Destination List 9. Exit Enter Your Choice :: """) print("\n") operation = action.replace(" ","") if operation == "1": fetch_destinationlists(h) elif operation == "2": fetch_destinationlists(h) get_destinationlist(h) elif operation == "3": create_destinationlist(h) elif operation == "4": fetch_destinationlists(h) patch_destinationlist(h) elif operation == "5": fetch_destinationlists(h) delete_destinationlist(h) elif operation == "6": fetch_destinationlists(h) fetch_detail(h) elif operation == "7": fetch_destinationlists(h) add_destinations(h) elif operation == "8": fetch_destinationlists(h) fetch_detail(h) delete_entry(h) elif operation == "9": break else: print("\n") print("==========INCORRECT INPUT==========") print("\n") print("Thank You!!! Good Bye!!!") time.sleep(5) 

輸出：

此指令碼的輸出必須類似於以下內容：

Cookie Already Generated? (Y/N) :: y Available operations: 1. Get Destination Lists 2. Get Destination List 3. Create Destination List 4. Update Destination List Name 5. Delete Destination List 6. Get Destinations from Destination List 7. Add Destinations to a Destination List 8. Delete Destinations from Destination List 9. Exit Enter Your Choice :: 

Token Already Generated? (Y/N) :: y Available operations: 1. Get Destination Lists 2. Get Destination List 3. Create Destination List 4. Update Destination List Name 5. Delete Destination List 6. Get Destinations from Destination List 7. Add Destinations to a Destination List 8. Delete Destinations from Destination List 9. Exit Enter Your Choice :: 1​

成功執行此程式後，開始詢問Cookie的相關問題- Cookie Already Generated? (Y/N)。提出此問題的原因是要確保不會多次生成Cookie，因為生成Cookie後，其有效期為3600秒（1小時）。如果您輸入y或Y，則不會生成新的cookie。但是，如果輸入n或N，則會生成一個新的cookie，並將其儲存到同一目錄/資料夾中的本地文本檔案中。此檔案中的Cookie會用於後續的要求中。 

錯誤

如果您為任何需要提及DestinationList ID的作業輸入不正確的ID，可能會發生此錯誤：

{'message': 'no Route matched with those values'}

建立DestinationList時，如果您提到DestinationList的名稱超過255個字元，則會看到以下錯誤：

{'code': 400, 'code_text': 'Bad Request', 'error': 'invalid_request', 'message': {'name': {'code': 'string_invalid', 'code_text': 'must be fewer than 255 characters long'}}, 'statusCode': 400, 'txId': 'l23f0cjk62fe'}

您還可以透過安全訪問開發人員使用手冊獲取有關策略、漫遊電腦、報告等的資訊。

疑難排解

安全訪問API終端使用HTTP響應代碼表示API請求成功或失敗。一般而言，2xx範圍內的代碼表示成功，4xx範圍內的代碼表示由所提供資訊導致的錯誤，而5xx範圍內的代碼表示伺服器錯誤。解決問題的方法取決於收到的響應代碼：

REST API -響應代碼1

REST API -響應代碼2

相關資訊

• 思科安全訪問使用手冊
• Cisco技術支援和下載
• 增加安全訪問API金鑰
• 開發人員使用者指南
• 配置安全訪問，以使用帶Python的REST API
• 透過cURL管理目標清單