使用下一跳命令配置基於策略的路由

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已更新: 2023 年 11 月 20 日
文件 ID:47121

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    簡介

    本文檔介紹如何使用set ip default next-hop 和set ip next-hop 命令配置基於策略的路由(PBR)。

    必要條件

    需求

    本文件沒有特定需求。

    採用元件

    本文檔中的資訊基於支援基於策略的路由的軟體。

    可以使用Cisco Feature Navigator確定此配置支援的硬體和軟體。

    備註：只有註冊的思科使用者能夠存取內部工具與資訊。

    本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除（預設）的組態來啟動。如果您的網路運作中，請確保您瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。

    慣例

    如需文件慣例的詳細資訊，請參閱思科技術提示慣例。

    背景資訊

    本檔案使用set ip default next-hop和set ip next-hop命令提供原則型路由(PBR)的範例組態。

    set ip default next-hop 命令驗證目標IP地址在路由表中是否存在，以及：

    • 如果存在目的IP地址，該命令不會根據策略路由資料包，而是根據路由表轉發資料包。

    • 如果目標IP地址不存在，命令策略將路由資料包並將其傳送到指定的下一跳。

    set ip next-hop 命令用於驗證指定的下一跳是否存在，以及：

    • 如果路由表中存在下一跳，則命令policy將資料包路由到下一跳。

    • 如果路由表中不存在下一跳，該命令將使用普通路由表轉發資料包。

    設定

    本節提供設定本檔案所述功能的資訊。

    網路圖表

    此文件使用以下網路設定：

    PBR拓撲PBR拓撲

    案例分析1：使用set ip default next-hop命令和動態路由協定實現策略路由

    本節使用以下配置：

    R1 
    R1#show running-config 
Building configuration...
!
!
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 10.100.100.1 255.255.255.0
 ip policy route-map blah
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial2/0
 ip address 10.20.20.1 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
  
!--- OSPF is not configured on Serial1/0.

 log-adjacency-changes
 network 10.20.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 network 10.100.100.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
no ip http server
!
access-list 100 permit ip host 10.100.100.3 host 10.200.200.4
!
route-map blah permit 10
 match ip address 100
 set ip default next-hop 10.10.10.2
!
end
    R2 
    R2#show running-config 
Building configuration...
!
!
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 10.200.200.2 255.255.255.0
 ip policy route-map blah
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.0
 fair-queue
!
interface Serial2/0
 ip address 10.20.20.2 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
 
!--- OSPF is not configured on Serial1/0.

 log-adjacency-changes
 network 10.20.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 network 10.200.200.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
no ip http server
!
access-list 100 permit ip host 10.200.200.4 host 10.100.100.3
!
route-map blah permit 10
 match ip address 100
 set ip default next-hop 10.10.10.1
!
end

    驗證案例分析1

    使用命令set ip default next-hop時，當目標路由存在於路由表中時，使用正常轉發（請勿對資料包進行策略路由）。

    R1#show ip route 10.200.200.4 
   Routing entry for 10.200.200.0/24
   Known via "ospf 1", distance 110, metric 74, type intra area
   Last update from 10.20.20.2 on Serial2/0, 00:11:48 ago
   Routing Descriptor Blocks:
   * 10.20.20.2, from 10.30.30.3, 00:11:48 ago, via Serial2/0
   Route metric is 74, traffic share count is 1

R1#debug ip policy 
  Policy routing debugging is on
*Dec 4 12:50:57.363: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 4 12:50:57.363: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 4 12:50:57.363: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial2/0), len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding
*Dec 4 12:50:57.431: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 4 12:50:57.431: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 4 12:50:57.431: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial2/0), len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding
*Dec 4 12:50:57.491: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 4 12:50:57.491: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 4 12:50:57.491: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial2/0), len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding
  
R2#show ip route 10.100.100.3
  Routing entry for 10.100.100.0/24
  Known via "ospf 1", distance 110, metric 74, type intra area
  Last update from 10.20.20.1 on Serial2/0, 00:11:42 ago
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
  * 10.20.20.1, from 10.100.100.1, 00:11:42 ago, via Serial2/0
      Route metric is 74, traffic share count is 1

R2#debug ip policy 
  Policy routing debugging is on
*Dec 4 12:50:57.779: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3, len 100, policy match
*Dec 4 12:50:57.779: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 4 12:50:57.779: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3 (Serial2/0), len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding
*Dec 4 12:50:57.839: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3, len 100, policy match
*Dec 4 12:50:57.839: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 4 12:50:57.839: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3 (Serial2/0), len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding
*Dec 4 12:50:57.911: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3, len 100, policy match
*Dec 4 12:50:57.911: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 4 12:50:57.911: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3 (Serial2/0), len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding

    當Serial 2/0關閉並且目的地址從路由表中消失時，資料包將進行策略路由。

    R1#show ip route 10.200.200.0
% Network not in table
R1#
*Dec 5 13:26:27.567: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:26:27.567: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:26:27.567: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0),len 100, policy routed
*Dec 5 13:26:27.567: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2
*Dec 5 13:26:27.655: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:26:27.655: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:26:27.655: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0),len 100, policy routed
*Dec 5 13:26:27.655: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2
*Dec 5 13:26:27.727: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:26:27.727: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:26:27.727: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0),len 100, policy routed
*Dec 5 13:26:27.727: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2

    案例分析2：使用set ip next-hop命令和動態路由協定實現策略路由

    本節使用以下配置：

    R1 
    R1#show running-config 
Building configuration...
!
    !
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 10.100.100.1 255.255.255.0
 ip policy route-map blah
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial2/0
 ip address 10.20.20.1 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
 
!--- OSPF is not configured on Serial1/0.

 log-adjacency-changes
 network 10.20.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 network 10.100.100.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
no ip http server
!
access-list 100 permit ip host 10.100.100.3 host 10.200.200.4
!
route-map blah permit 10
 match ip address 100
 set ip next-hop 10.10.10.2
!
end
    R2 
    R2#show running-config 
Building configuration...
!
    !
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 10.200.200.2 255.255.255.0
 ip policy route-map blah
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.0
 fair-queue
!
interface Serial2/0
 ip address 10.20.20.2 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
 
!--- OSPF is not configured on Serial1/0.

 log-adjacency-changes
 network 10.20.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 network 10.200.200.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
no ip http server
!
!
!
access-list 100 permit ip host 10.200.200.4 host 10.100.100.3
!
route-map blah permit 10
 match ip address 100
 set ip next-hop 10.10.10.1
!
end

    驗證案例分析2

    使用命令set ip next-hop，路由器會驗證路由表中是否有下一跳10.10.10.2。如果路由表中存在目的路由，則當下一跳可到達時，策略路由資料包。

    R1#show ip route 10.10.10.2
Routing entry for 10.10.10.0/24
  Known via "connected", distance 0, metric 0 (connected, via interface)
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
  * directly connected, via Serial1/0
      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1

    R1#show ip route 10.200.200.4 
    Routing entry for 10.200.200.0/24 
    Known via "ospf 1", distance 110, metric 74, 
    type intra area Last update from 10.20.20.2 on Serial2/0, 00:11:48 ago 
    Routing Descriptor Blocks: * 10.20.20.2, from 10.30.30.3, 00:11:48 ago, 
    via Serial2/0 Route metric is 74, traffic share count is 1 
    R1#debug ip policy Policy routing debugging is on 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.271: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.271: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.271: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
    d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed *Dec 4 12:53:38.271: 
    IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2 *Dec 4 12:53:38.355: 
    IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match *Dec 4 12:53:38.355: 
    IP: route map blah, item 10, permit *Dec 4 12:53:38.355: 
    IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.355: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.483: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.483: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit 
    R2#show ip route 10.100.100.3 Routing entry for 10.100.100.0/24 Known via "ospf 1", 
    distance 110, metric 74, type intra area Last update from 10.20.20.1 on Serial2/0, 
    00:11:42 ago Routing Descriptor Blocks: * 10.20.20.1, from 10.100.100.1, 00:11:42 ago, 
    via Serial2/0 Route metric is 74, traffic share count is 1 R2#debug ip policy 
    Policy routing debugging is on *Dec 4 12:53:38.691: 
    IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), d=10.100.100.3, len 100, policy match *Dec 4 12:53:38.691: 
    IP: route map blah, item 10, permit *Dec 4 12:53:38.691: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
    d=10.100.100.3 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.691: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.1 *Dec 4 12:53:38.799: 
    IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), d=10.100.100.3, len 100, policy match 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.799: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.799: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), d=10.100.100.3 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.799: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.1 *Dec 4 12:53:38.899: 
    IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
    d=10.100.100.3, len 100, policy match 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.899: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit

    當目的IP地址從路由中消失時，資料包將進行策略路由。

    *Dec 5 13:33:23.607: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:33:23.607: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:33:23.607: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0),len 100, policy routed
*Dec 5 13:33:23.607: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2
*Dec 5 13:33:23.707: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:33:23.707: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:33:23.707: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0),len 100, policy routed
*Dec 5 13:33:23.707: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2
*Dec 5 13:33:23.847: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:33:23.847: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit

    當Serial 1/0介面關閉時，路由表中下一跳10.10.10.2丟失，資料包將跟蹤正常的路由表。

    *Dec 5 13:40:38.887: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:40:38.887: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:40:38.887: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial2/0), len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding
*Dec 5 13:40:39.047: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0),
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:40:39.047: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:40:39.047: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial2/0), len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding
*Dec 5 13:40:39.115: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:40:39.115: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:40:39.115: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial2/0), len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding

    案例分析3：使用set ip default next-hop和預設路由進行策略路由

    本節使用以下配置：

    R1 
    R1#show running-config 
Building configuration...
!
    !
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 10.100.100.1 255.255.255.0
 ip policy route-map blah
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial2/0
 ip address 10.20.20.1 255.255.255.0
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.20.20.2
!
ip classless
no ip http server
!
access-list 100 permit ip host 10.100.100.3 host 10.200.200.4
!
route-map blah permit 10
 match ip address 100
 set ip default next-hop 10.10.10.2
!
end
    R2 
    R2#show running-config 
Building configuration...
!
!
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 10.200.200.2 255.255.255.0
 ip policy route-map blah
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.0
 fair-queue
!
interface Serial2/0
 ip address 10.20.20.2 255.255.255.0
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.20.20.1
!
ip classless
no ip http server
!
!
!
access-list 100 permit ip host 10.200.200.4 host 10.100.100.3
!
route-map blah permit 10
 match ip address 100
 set ip default next-hop 10.10.10.1
!
end

    驗證案例分析3

    使用命令set ip default next-hop時，如果到目標的唯一路由是預設路由（路由表中沒有該目標的特定路由），資料包將進行策略路由。

    R1#show ip route 10.200.200.4
% Network not in table
R1#

R1#show ip route 0.0.0.0 
Routing entry for 0.0.0.0/0, supernet
Known via "static", distance 1, metric 0, candidate default path
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 10.20.20.2
Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1

R1# 
*Dec  4 12:58:55.191: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec  4 12:58:55.191: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec  4 12:58:55.191: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed
*Dec  4 12:58:55.191: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2
*Dec  4 12:58:55.291: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec  4 12:58:55.291: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec  4 12:58:55.291: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed
*Dec  4 12:58:55.291: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2
*Dec  4 12:58:55.391: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec  4 12:58:55.391: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec  4 12:58:55.391: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed
*Dec  4 12:58:55.391: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2

R2#show ip route 10.100.100.3
% Network not in table

R2#show ip route 0.0.0.0
Routing entry for 0.0.0.0/0, supernet
Known via "static", distance 1, metric 0, candidate default path
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 10.20.20.1
Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1

R2#
*Dec  4 12:58:20.819: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
*Dec  4 12:58:55.611: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3, len 100, policy match
*Dec  4 12:58:55.611: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec  4 12:58:55.611: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed
*Dec  4 12:58:55.611: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.1
*Dec  4 12:58:55.739: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3, len 100, policy match
*Dec  4 12:58:55.739: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec  4 12:58:55.739: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed
*Dec  4 12:58:55.739: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.1
*Dec  4 12:58:55.799: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3, len 100, policy match
*Dec  4 12:58:55.799: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec  4 12:58:55.799: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0),
       d=10.100.100.3 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed
*Dec  4 12:58:55.799: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.1

    當由於Serial 2/0關閉而不存在預設路由時，資料包將進行策略路由。

    R1#show ip route 0.0.0.0
% Network not in table
R1#
*Dec 5 13:02:31.283: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:02:31.283: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:02:31.283: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0),len 100, policy routed
*Dec 5 13:02:31.283: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2
*Dec 5 13:02:31.375: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0),
       d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:02:31.375: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:02:31.375: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0),len 100, policy routed
*Dec 5 13:02:31.375: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2
*Dec 5 13:02:31.435: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:02:31.435: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:02:31.435: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0),len 100, policy routed
*Dec 5 13:02:31.435: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2

    在Serial2/0開啟而Serial 1/0關閉的情況下，您將丟失下一跳，資料包將跟蹤正常轉發（路由表）-策略被拒絕。

    R1#debug ip policy 
Policy routing debugging is on
R1#
*Dec 5 12:46:49.543: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 12:46:49.543: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 12:46:49.543: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial2/0),len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding
*Dec 5 12:46:49.623: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 12:46:49.623: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 12:46:49.623: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial2/0),len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding
*Dec 5 12:46:49.691: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 12:46:49.691: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 12:46:49.691: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial2/0),len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding

    相關資訊

    修訂記錄

    修訂 發佈日期 意見
    2.0
    20-Nov-2023
    重新認證
    1.0
    05-Dec-2003
    初始版本
    TAC Authored

    由思科工程師貢獻

    • Julio Jimenez
      Cisco Project Manager

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